Covalent Bonding — Electron Sharing

Description

Demonstrates covalent bonding by showing two hydrogen atoms sharing electrons to form H₂, then extends to water (H₂O) where oxygen shares electrons with two hydrogens. Electron clouds overlap to illustrate shared pairs.

---

Phases

#	Phase Name	Duration	Description
1	Title	~3s	Title appears
2	H + H intro	~5s	Two H atoms shown with 1 valence electron each; need 1 more to fill shell
3	H₂ bond forms	~7s	Atoms approach, electron clouds overlap, shared electrons shown in middle
4	H₂ labeled	~4s	MathTex H₂ shown, bond explained
5	H₂O intro	~5s	Oxygen atom shown, needs 2 more electrons
6	H₂O bond forms	~8s	Two H atoms bond to O, electron clouds overlap for each bond
7	H₂O labeled	~5s	MathTex H₂O shown, bent molecule shape labeled
8	Outro	~3s	Summary

---

Layout

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│          Covalent Bonding                   │  ← title
├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                             │
│         [ Atom animation area ]             │  ← main scene
│                                             │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│   H₂  /  H₂O  (formula)                    │  ← formula label
└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Area Descriptions

Area	Content	Notes
Top	Title	Fades in
Center	Atom circles with electron dots and overlapping cloud ellipses	Main animation
Bottom	LaTeX formulas	H₂ then H₂O

---

Assets & Dependencies

• Fonts: LaTeX / sans-serif
• Colors: H = light gray (#e0e0e0), O = red (#e63946), shared electrons = yellow
• Manim version: ManimCE 0.19.1

---

Notes

• Use semi-transparent ellipses as "electron clouds" overlapping at bond site
• Show individual electron dots before clouds overlap
• Bent geometry for H₂O (104.5° angle approximated visually)